Sadanga: The Six Limbs of Indian Art

Sadanga, which translates to “the six limbs,” is a concept in Indian aesthetics that refers to the six essential components that make up a complete work of art. The six limbs are:

1. Rupabheda: The division of forms
2. Pramanam: The use of valid sources of knowledge
3. Bhava: The emotional state or mood
4. Abhinaya: The expression or communication of the emotional state
5. Rasa: The aesthetic relish or enjoyment
6. Dharmi: The style or manner in which the work of art is presented

These six limbs are interdependent and work together to create a holistic experience for the audience.

Types

Rupabheda

Rupabheda refers to the visual aspect of the art, the way in which the forms are divided and presented. This includes elements such as composition, color, line, and shape. For example, in a painting, the use of vibrant colors and bold lines can create a dynamic composition that draws the viewer’s eye. Read in-depth.

Pramanam

Pramanam refers to the use of valid sources of knowledge, which includes both traditional and contemporary forms. This includes the use of scripture, tradition, and contemporary techniques to create works of art. For example, in dance, the use of classical techniques such as Bharatanatyam or Kathak can be combined with modern forms to create a unique style. Read in-depth.

Bhava

Bhava refers to the emotional state or mood that is conveyed through the work of art. This can include a range of emotions such as love, anger, joy, or sadness. For example, in a play, the use of dialogue, music, and movement can convey the emotions of the characters to the audience. Read in-depth.

Abhinaya

Abhinaya refers to the expression or communication of the emotional state. This includes the use of gestures, facial expressions, and body language to convey the mood of the work of art. For example, in a dance performance, the use of hand gestures or mudras can convey the emotions of the performer to the audience. Read in-depth.

Rasa

Rasa refers to the aesthetic relish or enjoyment that the audience experiences while viewing the work of art. This includes a range of emotions such as joy, sorrow, or wonder. For example, in a musical performance, the use of melody, rhythm, and harmony can create a mood that elicits an emotional response from the audience. Read in-depth.

Dharmi

Dharmi refers to the style or manner in which the work of art is presented. This includes the use of tradition, innovation, or a combination of both to create a unique style. For example, in a painting, the use of traditional techniques such as Madhubani or Warli can be combined with modern techniques to create a unique style. Read in-depth.

Key Learnings

• The concept of Sadanga or the six limbs of Indian art highlights the interdependence and interconnectedness of the different elements that make up a complete work of art.
• Each limb is essential and contributes to the overall experience of the audience.
• Incorporating these six limbs can help artists create works of art that are both aesthetically pleasing and emotionally engaging.